蚕豆是重要的植物蛋白源作物，富含8种必须氨基酸且含量均衡，挖掘蚕豆蛋白质相关基因不仅有利于优质蛋白蚕豆品种选育，而且对于未来植物蛋白的需求具有重要意义。本研究以320份蚕豆种质资源为材料，测定了1年3个点(青海西宁市、互助县、湟源县)的蛋白质含量，并用筛选的132对SSR引物进行了蚕豆蛋白质含量关联分析。结果表明，蛋白质含量范围在19.51%~54.34%，3个地点的变异系数分别为10.835、20.865、13.380，均符合正态分布，具有表型多样性。132个标记在320份材料中共检测到778个多态性位点，平均等位基因数为6，变幅为3~12，多态性信息量(PIC)的变幅为0.1527 (V1797)~0.8225 (SSR-12192)，平均值为0.5583，PIC值大于平均值的标记占总数的49.24%，选用的标记基因遗传多样性较高；遗传结构分析将320份材料分成2个亚群，其中亚群I有176份材料，亚群II有107份材料，其余37份没有明显的群类归属特性，为混合类群，供试群体结构较为单一；利用GLM和MLM 2种关联分析模型共检测到与蛋白质含量显著相关的22个SSR标记，有3个SSR标记与蛋白质含量极显著相关(SSR-10894、SSR-12695、V1929)，在多个环境中均检测到SSR-13584，解释率范围在4.07%~5.19%，V1929在湟源县的2种模型关联分析中均极显著相关，解释率分别为10%、9.2%。该研究结果可为亲本选配及蚕豆蛋白相关基因挖掘及品质育种提供理论基础。

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important crop known for its high protein content, which includes all eight essential amino acids in a balanced manner. Mining protein-related genes in faba bean not only contributes to the breeding of high-quality protein varieties but also holds great significance for meeting the future demand of plant protein. In this study, a total of 320 faba bean germplasms were evaluated for protein content across three environments (Xining, Huzhu, and Huangyuan in Qinghai province) over one year. Additionally, 132 selected SSR makers were used to conduct association analysis. The results showed that the protein content ranged from 19.51% to 54.34%. The coefficients of variation for the three environments were 10.835, 20.865, and 13.380, respectively, displaying a normal distribution with phenotypic diversity. Among the 320 materials, 778 polymorphic loci were detected by the 132 markers. The average allele number was 6, with a range of 3 to 12. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.1527 (V1797) to 0.8225 (SSR-12192), with a mean value of 0.5583. Markers with a PIC value greater than the mean accounted for 49.24% of the total markers, indicating relatively high genetic diversity among the selected markers. Genetic structure analysis showed that the 320 materials could be divided into two subgroups. Subgroup I consisted of 176 materials, subgroup II contained 107 materials, while the remaining 37 materials did not exhibit distinct group affiliation, representing a mixed taxon. Overall, the genetic diversity of the marker genes was high, and the test population displayed relatively homogeneous structure. Through GLM and MLM analyses, a total of 22 SSR markers significantly correlated with protein content were identified. Notably, three SSR markers (SSR-10894, SSR-12695, V1929) displayed a strong association with protein content in this study. Among them, SSR-13584 exhibited consistent correlation across multiple environments, with an explanatory rate ranging from 4.07% to 5.19%. V1929 showed a high correlation with protein content in Huangyuan county, with explanatory rate of 10% and 9.2% using both correlation analysis models. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for parental selection, faba bean protein-related gene mining, and quality breeding.