探究不同有机物料投入对滨海盐碱地土壤理化性质及玉米生长发育的调控作用，为滨海盐碱地夏玉米生产提供理论依据。试验于2021—2022年夏玉米生长季在山东省滨州市无棣县滨海盐碱型农田进行。有机物料类型及用量分别为腐植酸(3000 kg hm-2，HA)、生物炭(15,000 kg hm-2，BC)、生物有机肥(15,000 kg hm-2，BO)，以不添加有机物料为对照(CK)，探究0~40 cm土层土壤容重、总孔隙度、田间持水量、pH值、电导率及总有机碳含量的变化，分析不同有机物料投入对玉米地上部干物质积累和产量形成的影响。结果表明，腐植酸、生物炭和生物有机肥的施用均可在一定程度上改善盐碱土理化性质。3种有机物料连续处理能有效降低表层土壤容重，增加土壤总孔隙度和田间持水量；可显著降低0~10 cm土层pH，分别平均降低0.17、0.08和0.20。连续施用2年后，腐植酸显著降低0~40 cm土层电导率，平均降低32.74%；3种有机物料显著增加0~20 cm土层中总有机碳的含量，其中生物炭处理能显著增加57.99%。腐植酸和生物有机肥处理显著增加夏玉米地上部干物质积累量和产量；连续使用2年后腐植酸处理产量显著增加了11.01%，表现较好。综上所述，本试验条件下腐植酸施用后能改善土壤物理结构、降低0~10 cm土层pH、提高土壤中有机碳含量、显著降低土壤电导率，促进夏玉米地上部干物质积累、提高籽粒产量，且连续施用2年后较CK增加纯收益。故而腐植酸可作为改良滨海盐碱地土壤理化性状、促进夏玉米生长发育的有机物料。生物有机肥的施用可改善土壤理化性状，但仍需进行定位试验以验证其长期经济效应。
This study investigates the regulatory effects of different organic material inputs on soil physicochemical properties, as well as maize growth and development, in coastal saline-alkali land. The objective is to provide a theoretical basis for summer maize production in such environments. The experiment was conducted during the summer maize growing seasons of 2021–2022 in coastal saline-alkali farmland located in Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province. The organic materials used included humic acid (3000 kg hm-2, HA), biochar (15,000 kg hm-2, BC), and bio-organic fertilizer (15,000 kg hm-2, BO), while the control (CK) had no organic materials added. The study examined changes in soil bulk density, total porosity, field capacity, pH value, electrical conductivity, and total organic carbon content in the 0–40 cm soil layer. Additionally, the effects of different organic material inputs on aboveground dry matter accumulation and maize yield formation were assessed. The results demonstrated that the application of humic acid, biochar, and bio-organic fertilizer can improve the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil. All three organic material treatments significantly reduced the bulk density of the surface soil, increased total porosity and field capacity, and reduced the pH value of the 0–10 cm soil layer by 0.17, 0.08, and 0.20, respectively. After two years of continuous application, humic acid significantly decreased soil electrical conductivity in the 0–40 cm soil layer by an average of 32.74%. Furthermore, all three organic materials significantly increased the total organic carbon content in the 0–20 cm soil layer, with the biochar treatment exhibiting a significant increase of 57.99%. Both humic acid and bio-organic fertilizer treatments significantly increased aboveground biomass and yield of summer maize. After two consecutive years of application, the humic acid treatment showed a significant yield increase of 11.01%, indicating superior performance. In conclusion, comprehensive analysis showed that the application of humic acid can improve soil physical structure, reduce the pH of the 0–10 cm soil layer, increase organic carbon content, decrease soil electrical conductivity, promote aboveground biomass accumulation in summer maize, and enhance grain yield under the conditions of this study. Moreover, humic acid application demonstrated increased net yield compared to the control after two consecutive years. Therefore, humic acid can be employed as an organic material to improve soil physical and chemical properties in coastal saline-alkali land, while promoting the growth and development of summer maize. Although bio-organic fertilizer also enhances soil physical and chemical properties, further localized experiments are necessary to verify its long-term economic effects.
本研究由山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103), 山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08), 山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05)和山东省自然科学基金资助项目青年项目(ZR2022QC135)资助。